Lawrence Chow / ENT Doctor
Tonsillar Cancer: Understand the Symptoms and Causes to Identify and Treat it Early!
Case Study:
“Mr. Cheng, a 55-year-old with a long-term history of smoking and heavy alcohol use, recently sought medical attention due to persistent throat pain and difficulty swallowing. An oral examination revealed swelling and ulceration on one of his tonsils. A biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of tonsil cancer. Unfortunately, due to late detection, the cancer had already metastasized to the cervical lymph nodes, requiring a comprehensive treatment plan involving surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy.”
What is Tonsil Cancer?
Tonsil cancer is a malignant tumor arising from the tonsillar tissue, predominantly classified as squamous cell carcinoma and categorized as a type of head and neck cancer. In Hong Kong, most patients are males over 45 years old. Tonsil cancer is staged into four phases, but early symptoms are often nonspecific, leading to delayed diagnosis. Many patients are diagnosed at advanced stages (III or IV) when the cancer has already spread to other body parts.
Common Symptoms and Complications
Early Symptoms:
- Throat discomfort or mild pain, often mistaken for pharyngitis.
- Unilateral tonsil enlargement, surface roughness or ulceration, sore throat, and difficulty opening the mouth.
Progressive Symptoms:
- Severe throat pain, accompanied by tinnitus or pain on the same side of the ear, unrelieved by medication.
- Dysphagia, hoarseness, and painless neck lumps (indicating cervical lymph node metastasis).
- Rapid weight loss and breathing difficulties (due to airway obstruction by the tumor).
Late-Stage Symptoms:
- Distant metastasis to organs like the lungs or liver, leading to organ failure.
Causes and Risk Factors
- HPV Infection: 70% of tonsil cancers are linked to HPV, particularly high-risk strains like HPV-16.
- Chronic Inflammation: Recurrent tonsillitis may trigger cellular mutations.
- Smoking and Alcohol: Synergistic damage to mucosal tissues by tobacco and alcohol.
- Environmental Exposure: Long-term contact with chemicals or radiation.
- Immunosuppression: Higher risk in HIV/AIDS patients or organ transplant recipients.
Diagnostic Methods
- Laryngoscopy: Visual examination of tonsil morphology and cervical lymph nodes.
- Biopsy: Tissue sampling for pathological analysis.
- CT/MRI Scans: Assess tumor size and invasion extent.
- PET-CT Scans: Detect systemic metastasis.
- HPV Testing: Determine viral involvement to guide treatment.
Treatment Options
Treatment depends on cancer staging, typically involving a multimodal approach:
Surgery:
- Early-stage tumors: Tonsillectomy with preservation of surrounding functions.
- Advanced cases: Extensive resection with cervical lymph node dissection.
Radiotherapy:
- Effective for radiation-sensitive tumors (e.g., HPV-positive cases), used alone or post-surgery.
- Advanced techniques like Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) minimize damage to healthy tissues.
Chemotherapy and Targeted Therapy:
- For advanced or recurrent cases, combined with targeted drugs.
- Immunotherapy (e.g., PD-1 inhibitors): Shows significant efficacy in metastatic or recurrent tonsil cancer.
By raising awareness and promoting early detection, the prognosis of tonsil cancer can be significantly improved. Regular check-ups and lifestyle modifications are critical for high-risk populations.
Early detection is critical for effective treatment. Please immediately contact ENT Head and Neck Surgery Centre for detailed evaluation by our ENT specialists (Tel: 3100 0555).
Source:
HK ENT Specialist Ltd.
ENT Head and Neck Surgery Centre
For ENT Services, Audiology & Speech Therapy,
Sleep Disordered Breathing Management,
Hearing Aid Prescription & Medical Cosmetic Services
https://www.hkentspecialist.hk
Tongue Cancer: Don’t Let Ulcers Become a Crisis — A Comprehensive Guide to Early Detection, Prevention, and Treatment
Case Study:
“Mr. Gu, a 52-year-old with a 20-year smoking history and chronic alcohol use, noticed an ulcer on the right side of his tongue six months ago. Initially mistaken for a common mouth ulcer, it failed to heal despite repeated topical treatments. The ulcer gradually enlarged, accompanied by swallowing pain and speech difficulties. Medical evaluation confirmed ‘tongue cancer’ via biopsy, with CT scans revealing cervical lymph node metastasis. Treatment involved partial tongue resection, neck lymph node dissection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. His condition is now stable, but long-term follow-up is required.”
What is Tongue Cancer?
Tongue cancer, the most common type of oral cancer, originates from squamous epithelial cells on the tongue’s surface. It is categorized as:
- Anterior two-thirds tongue cancer (oral tongue cancer):More common, with noticeable early symptoms.
- Base-of-tongue cancer (oropharyngeal cancer):Often diagnosed at advanced stages due to its hidden location.
Tongue cancer is highly invasive and prone to metastasis (especially to cervical lymph nodes), but early detection significantly improves cure rates.
Symptoms of Tongue Cancer:
Early signs may mimic common ulcers. Warning signals include:
- Non-healing oral ulcers:Ulcers or red patches persisting over two weeks.
- Pain or numbness:Discomfort while eating, speaking, or localized numbness.
- Abnormal lumps:Thickened tongue texture, hard masses, or cauliflower-like growths.
- Difficulty swallowing:Common in advanced stages.
- Unexplained bleeding:Easily triggered by touching ulcers or lumps.
- Worsening bad breath:Caused by tumor necrosis or infection.
- Neck lumps:Indicative of lymph node metastasis.
- Voice changes:Hoarseness if the tumor invades the tongue base.
Risk Factors:
- Smoking and alcohol:Synergistically increase risk by over 15-fold.
- HPV infection:Particularly HPV16, linked to base-of-tongue cancer (rising in younger patients).
- Poor oral hygiene:Chronic periodontitis, sharp teeth, or ill-fitting dentures causing mucosal damage.
- Dietary habits:Consuming extremely hot, pickled, or betel nut products.
- Genetics:Family history of oral cancer.
Diagnosis Methods:
- Physical examination:Visual inspection and palpation of lesions.
- Oral endoscopy:Detailed examination of the tongue and throat.
- Biopsy:Pathological analysis of tissue samples.
- Imaging:
- CT/MRI:Assess tumor size, depth, and lymph node involvement.
- PET-CT:Detect systemic metastasis.
- HPV testing:Guides treatment and prognosis; HPV-related tumors often respond better to therapy.
Treatment Approaches:
- Early-stage (I-II):
- Surgery:Primary treatment with tumor excision and safe margins. Minimally invasive robotic surgery for base-of-tongue cancer.
- Radiotherapy:For small, superficial tumors or patients unsuitable for surgery.
- Advanced-stage (III-IV):
- Combined therapy:Surgery + radiotherapy ± chemotherapy.
- Targeted therapy:Anti-EGFR agents (e.g., cetuximab).
- Immunotherapy:PD-1 inhibitors for recurrent/metastatic cases.
- Functional and aesthetic reconstruction:
- Flap reconstruction:Uses autologous tissue (e.g., forearm flap) to repair defects.
- Speech and swallowing rehabilitation:Post-surgical training.
- Follow-up and recurrence prevention:
- Regular oral exams and imaging (every 3-6 months for the first two years).
- Smoking/alcohol cessation and oral hygiene maintenance.
- HPV vaccination (preventive measure).
Early detection is critical! Seek immediate medical attention if tongue ulcers persist beyond two weeks. For ENT concerns, contact ENT Head and Neck Surgery Centre or call 3100 0555 for specialized care.
Source:
HK ENT Specialist Ltd.
ENT Head and Neck Surgery Centre
For ENT Services, Audiology & Speech Therapy,
Sleep Disordered Breathing Management,
Hearing Aid Prescription & Medical Cosmetic Services
https://www.hkentspecialist.hk
New Perspectives in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer: From Classification Analysis to Breakthroughs in Precision Therapy
Introduction to Head and Neck Cancer
Head and neck cancer encompasses a group of malignancies arising in the head and neck region, including cancers of the oral cavity, larynx, pharynx, salivary glands, nasal cavity, sinuses, and, in some classifications, thyroid cancer. Symptoms vary widely and may include non-healing oral ulcers, voice changes, difficulty swallowing, red/white patches on oral mucosa, or neck masses.
Most cases are linked to tobacco or alcohol use, with emerging risks from e-cigarettes. HPV infection is increasingly associated with these cancers, particularly oropharyngeal cases. Other risk factors include betel nut chewing, radiation exposure, malnutrition, and occupational exposure to carcinogens. Over 90% of head and neck cancers are squamous cell carcinomas. Diagnosis involves biopsy, imaging, and blood tests to assess disease progression.
Preventive measures include abstaining from tobacco/alcohol, regular dental check-ups, and HPV vaccination. Treatments combine surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. Early-stage cancers have high cure rates, but approximately 50% of patients present with advanced-stage disease.
Classification of Head and Neck Cancer
Malignancies in the head and neck region include:
- Oral cancers: Tongue, buccal mucosa, gingiva, and lip cancers.
- Laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers: Tumors of the vocal cords, larynx, and hypopharynx.
- Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Strongly associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), prevalent in Asian populations.
- Oropharyngeal cancer: Includes tonsillar and base-of-tongue cancers, increasingly linked to HPV.
- Salivary gland cancers: Parotid, submandibular gland tumors.
- Thyroid cancer: Included in some classifications.
- Nasal and sinus tumors: Squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, etc.
The WHO 5th edition classification introduces dedicated sections for familial tumor syndromes (e.g., Gorlin syndrome, Cowden syndrome) and soft tissue tumors.
According to Hong Kong Cancer data (2010–2020), head and neck cancer incidence rose by 25% in Hong Kong. In China, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) accounts for over 90% of cases:
- HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer: Represents >70% of cases in Western countries; China reports 25%–37% HPV positivity, rising annually.
- Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Endemic in southern China, linked to EBV, contributing to >40% of global cases.
- Key risk factors: Smoking, alcohol, betel nut chewing, HPV/EBV infection.
Latest Advances in Head and Neck Cancer Treatment
Immunotherapy
- PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors: Pembrolizumab and nivolumab are now first-line treatments for recurrent/metastatic cases, improving 2-year survival rates to >50%.
- Combination therapies: Immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy or targeted drugs enhances efficacy.
Precision Radiotherapy and Surgical Innovations
- Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT): Reduces damage to healthy tissues, ideal for early-stage patients.
- Transoral robotic surgery (TORS): Used for early oropharyngeal cancer, offering precise resection with functional preservation (though long-term quality of life may slightly lag behind radiotherapy).
- Endoscopic surgery: For recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma, improves survival by 17.8% compared to re-irradiation, with fewer side effects.
Targeted Therapy
- EGFR inhibitors: Cetuximab for advanced-stage patients.
- Anti-angiogenic drugs: Inhibit tumor blood vessel formation.
Molecular Testing-Guided Treatment
- HPV/p16 testing, PD-L1 expression analysis, and EBV detection inform personalized treatment strategies.
For ENT concerns, contact ENT Head and Neck Surgery Centre or call 3100 0555 for specialized care.
Source:
HK ENT Specialist Ltd.
ENT Head and Neck Surgery Centre
For ENT Services, Audiology & Speech Therapy,
Sleep Disordered Breathing Management,
Hearing Aid Prescription & Medical Cosmetic Services
https://www.hkentspecialist.hk
ocal Cord Cancer: When the Voice Becomes Hoarse, Be Alert to This Early Sign
Case Study
“Mr. Jia, 56 years old, experienced breathing difficulties and hoarseness for two years, with symptoms worsening recently. Upon seeking medical help, a laryngoscopy revealed a cauliflower-like growth on his left vocal cord. A PET-CT scan showed abnormally high metabolic activity, leading to a diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the vocal cord. This case highlights the importance of timely medical evaluation for persistent hoarseness to rule out malignancy.”
What is Vocal Cord Cancer?
Vocal cord cancer is a malignant tumor affecting the vocal cords—key structures for sound production. It accounts for over 60% of laryngeal cancers. The majority (96%–98%) are squamous cell carcinomas. Early-stage tumors are often localized but highly invasive, potentially destroying laryngeal cartilage or spreading to neck lymph nodes.
Common Symptoms and Risks
- Hoarseness:The most typical early symptom. Seek evaluation if it persists beyond two weeks.
- Throat discomfort:Sensation of a foreign object, pain, coughing, or difficulty swallowing. Late stages may involve blood in sputum or coughing up blood.
- Breathing difficulties:Tumor obstruction of the airway can become life-threatening.
- Spread risk:Early tumors are localized, but advanced stages may invade surrounding tissues, damage laryngeal function, spread to neck lymph nodes, or metastasize to distant organs (e.g., lungs, liver), complicating treatment.
Causes of Vocal Cord Cancer
- Smoking and alcohol:Smokers face a 10-fold higher risk. Combined with alcohol, the risk escalates.
- HPV infection:Some cases are linked to human papillomavirus (HPV).
- Environmental factors:Long-term exposure to industrial dust, air pollution, or occupational carcinogens.
- Demographics:Most common in males aged 50–70.
Diagnostic Methods
- Laryngoscopy:Fiber-optic laryngoscopy detects mucosal abnormalities. Narrow Band Imaging (NBI) enhances early detection.
- CT/MRI:Assesses tumor extent and cartilage involvement.
- PET-CT:Detects distant metastasis and aids staging.
- Biopsy:Confirms cancer type via tissue analysis.
Treatment Options
Surgery
- Laser minimally invasive surgery:For early-stage tumors. Preserves function but may affect voice.
- Partial laryngectomy:Preserves partial laryngeal function for localized tumors.
- Total laryngectomy:Required for advanced/recurrent cases. Requires a tracheostomy.
Radiation Therapy
- Advantages:Preserves vocal function; suitable for elderly or comorbid patients.
- Drawbacks:May cause throat pain, swallowing difficulties.
Combined Therapies
- Radiation + Chemotherapy:Shrinks tumors pre-surgery in advanced cases.
- Targeted + Immunotherapy:Emerging treatments targeting genetic mutations or boosting immune response.
Early detection and treatment are critical. If you experience prolonged hoarseness, seek immediate medical attention. High-risk individuals should undergo regular screenings. For ENT concerns, contact ENT Head and Neck Surgery Centre or call 3100 0555 for expert consultation.
Source:
HK ENT Specialist Ltd.
ENT Head and Neck Surgery Centre
For ENT Services, Audiology & Speech Therapy,
Sleep Disordered Breathing Management,
Hearing Aid Prescription & Medical Cosmetic Services
https://www.hkentspecialist.hk
Hypopharyngeal Cancer: The Silent Throat Killer – Do Not Ignore the Warning Signs of Swallowing
Case Study
“Mr. Kang, a 58-year-old with a long-term smoking and alcohol consumption history, recently experienced persistent sore throat, dysphagia, and hoarseness. After examination via endoscopy, he was diagnosed with Stage III Hypopharyngeal Cancer (mid-to-late stage). Mr. Kang underwent tumor resection surgery followed by radiotherapy and is currently under observation, requiring regular check-ups to monitor recurrence.”
What is Hypopharyngeal Cancer?
Hypopharyngeal cancer originates in the hypopharynx (the area connecting the throat to the esophagus) and is a type of head and neck cancer. Due to its隐蔽位置 (hidden location), early detection is challenging. Approximately 70% of patients, like Mr. Kang, are diagnosed only after the cancer has metastasized to cervical lymph nodes or distant organs (e.g., lungs, bones, liver). Consequently, treatment outcomes are often poor.
Common Symptoms and Complications
Early symptoms are subtle, but the following signs warrant vigilance:
- Typical symptoms: Sore throat, dysphagia, hoarseness, neck mass, ear pain (referred pain).
- Long-term complications: Tumors may obstruct the airway or esophagus, leading to malnutrition or breathing difficulties. Metastasis to lymph nodes or distant organs significantly complicates treatment.
Causes and Risk Factors
- Primary risk factors: Smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, betel nut chewing (a major trigger in regions where betel nut use is prevalent).
- Other factors: Chronic irritation from gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), diets lacking fresh fruits/vegetables, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.
- Genetics and environment: Family history or prolonged exposure to asbestos/chemical dust increases risk.
Diagnosis and Tests
- Endoscopy: Flexible fiber-optic laryngoscopy to visualize lesions.
- Imaging: CT/MRI scans to assess tumor extent and metastasis.
- Biopsy: Tissue sampling to confirm cancer type.
- Systemic evaluation: PET-CT scans to detect distant metastasis.
Treatment Options
- Early-stage (I/II): Radiotherapy ± localized surgery.
- Advanced-stage (III/IV): Multidisciplinary approach (e.g., tumor resection with lymph node dissection, followed by adjuvant chemo/radiotherapy).
- Targeted & immunotherapy: Anti-EGFR agents (e.g., Cetuximab) or immune checkpoint inhibitors (e.g., Pembrolizumab) for late-stage cases.
- Supportive care: Nasogastric tube placement, speech therapy to improve quality of life during recovery.
Conclusion
Quitting smoking/alcohol and early detection are crucial in combating hypopharyngeal cancer. Individuals with smoking/drinking habits experiencing persistent throat discomfort should seek prompt medical evaluation. For ENT concerns, contact ENT Head and Neck Surgery Centre or call 3100 0555 for specialized care.
Source:
HK ENT Specialist Ltd.
ENT Head and Neck Surgery Centre
For ENT Services, Audiology & Speech Therapy,
Sleep Disordered Breathing Management,
Hearing Aid Prescription & Medical Cosmetic Services
https://www.hkentspecialist.hk
Minimally Invasive Salivary Gland Endoscopic Surgery: Say Goodbye to Pain and Scars, Protect Your “Salivary Health”
Case Study:
“Mr. Chao, a 40-year-old patient, experienced recurrent swelling and pain in his left submandibular gland after meals for over two years. The worsening symptoms eventually impacted his work and daily life, prompting him to seek medical help. Examination revealed redness and swelling at the opening of the left submandibular gland duct, with pus discharge upon gentle pressure. Ultrasound confirmed a 1.5cm × 0.8cm stone within the duct, diagnosed as a salivary gland stone. The stone was successfully removed using minimally invasive salivary gland endoscopic surgery, resolving his symptoms.”
What is Minimally Invasive Salivary Gland Endoscopic Surgery?
This technique employs endoscopic technology to diagnose and treat salivary gland diseases. A thin endoscope with a micro-camera is inserted into the salivary duct, allowing direct visualization of the duct’s interior. Advantages include minimal trauma, reduced pain, rapid recovery, negligible scarring, and preservation of salivary function. It effectively treats ductal stones, strictures, infections, and inflammation.
Who Needs This Surgery?
The procedure is suitable for patients with:
- Salivary stones: Recurrent swelling (e.g., in adolescents) treated by stone extraction, avoiding gland removal.
- Duct strictures: Caused by trauma or infection; the endoscope can dilate the duct and place stents.
- Chronic parotitis: Traditional treatments are limited; endoscopic duct irrigation removes infections.
- Salivary leakage: Post-traumatic saliva leakage repaired via precise duct restoration.
Ideal candidates include those with benign conditions (stones, strictures, chronic inflammation), children, elderly patients unfit for traditional surgery, and individuals prioritizing aesthetics. Contraindications include malignant tumors, acute infections, or coagulation disorders.
Procedure Overview:
- Preparation: Local or general anesthesia, followed by lesion localization.
- Stone Removal: A tiny incision (0.8–2.6 mm) in the mouth or behind the ear allows endoscope insertion. Micro-baskets extract small stones, while larger stones undergo laser lithotripsy before removal.
- Duct Dilation: Balloon dilation or silicone stents prevent recurrence.
- Irrigation and Drainage: Infected secretions are flushed to alleviate inflammation.
- Postoperative Care: Most patients discharge the same day with oral painkillers and follow-ups.
Five Key Advantages:
- High Success Rate: 80–90% stone clearance; >70% stricture relief.
- Scarless: Incisions hidden in the mouth or behind the ear.
- Preserved Salivary Function: Avoids dry mouth or taste abnormalities post-surgery.
- Low Complication Risk: Minimal bleeding/infection; safer for children and elderly.
- Rapid Recovery: Most resume eating and daily activities immediately.
Technological Advances:
- Single-Port Non-Insufflation Endoscopy: Reduces trauma with one incision.
- Robot-Assisted Systems: Tested in Japan/Europe for complex cases, enhancing precision.
- Pediatric Applications: Over 90% of children experience no recurrence or developmental issues post-surgery.
For ENT concerns, contact ENT Head and Neck Surgery Centre . Our specialists provide detailed consultations (Tel: 3100 0555).
Source:
HK ENT Specialist Ltd.
ENT Head and Neck Surgery Centre
For ENT Services, Audiology & Speech Therapy,
Sleep Disordered Breathing Management,
Hearing Aid Prescription & Medical Cosmetic Services
https://www.hkentspecialist.hk
The Unique Advantages and Benefits of Proton Therapy in the Treatment of Pediatric Head and Neck Cancers
In the previous article “Proton Therapy: Ushering in a New Era of Precision Cancer Treatment!”, we introduced the principles, advantages, applications, and future directions of proton therapy in cancer treatment. This article will focus specifically on the benefits of proton therapy for pediatric head and neck cancer patients.
Case Study:
“Xiao Yong, an 8-year-old boy, was diagnosed with rhabdomyosarcoma of the head and neck region, a rare and aggressive pediatric malignant soft tissue tumor with a high recurrence rate. Due to the tumor’s proximity to critical blood vessels and nerves in the neck, surgical resection was challenging and posed significant risks to the child’s growth and development. Therefore, doctors recommended a comprehensive treatment plan combining surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Given the tumor’s location and the need to protect healthy tissues, proton therapy was chosen as the primary radiation modality. Xiao Yong underwent a 6-week proton therapy course. During treatment, he experienced no significant pain or discomfort. Post-treatment imaging showed significant tumor shrinkage with no new lesions detected. His neck function and appearance remained unaffected, and his quality of life was well-maintained.”
Xiao Yong’s case highlights the unique advantages of proton therapy in pediatric head and neck cancer treatment. Its precision and low side-effect profile enable effective tumor control while maximally protecting healthy tissues and organs, reducing long-term impacts on growth and development. Additionally, proton therapy allowed Xiao Yong to maintain a better quality of life during and after treatment. This case underscores the critical value of proton therapy in pediatric oncology, particularly for tumors in complex anatomical locations.
What Are the Specific Benefits of Proton Therapy for Pediatric Cancers?
Proton therapy offers several key benefits for pediatric cancer patients:
Minimized Damage to Developing Tissues
Children’s developing tissues and organs are more sensitive to radiation. Conventional radiation therapy may cause long-term developmental issues, but proton therapy leverages the Bragg Peak effect to concentrate radiation energy on the tumor, significantly reducing radiation exposure to surrounding healthy tissues.
Reduced Risk of Secondary Cancers
Children undergoing conventional radiation face a higher risk of secondary cancers due to radiation-induced genetic mutations in healthy cells. Proton therapy lowers this risk, enhancing long-term health outcomes.
Protection of Critical Organs
For brain tumors, conventional radiation can damage organs like the brain, eyes, and cochlea, impairing cognition, vision, or hearing. Proton therapy reduces such complications.
Preserved Quality of Life
Proton therapy’s milder side effects allow children to maintain normal daily activities and schooling during treatment, alleviating physical and psychological burdens.
Applicability to Diverse Pediatric Cancers
Proton therapy is effective for various pediatric cancers, including head and neck tumors, brain tumors, spinal tumors, retinoblastoma, and neuroblastoma.
Reduced Impact on Reproductive Systems
For prepubescent children, conventional radiation may harm reproductive organs. Proton therapy minimizes radiation dose to these systems, lowering future fertility risks.
Long-Term Follow-Up Feasibility
Proton therapy’s low toxicity enables safer long-term monitoring, allowing physicians to track health outcomes without concerns about treatment-related complications.
Synergy in Multimodal Treatment
Proton therapy integrates seamlessly with surgery, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. For pediatric patients, such comprehensive approaches enhance efficacy while reducing overall treatment burden.
Conclusion
Proton therapy demonstrates remarkable advantages in pediatric cancer care, offering enhanced protection of healthy tissues, reduced long-term complications, and improved quality of life. These benefits ensure better long-term health outcomes for children. To learn more, please contact ENT Head and Neck Surgery Centre (Tel: 3100 0555).
Source:
HK ENT Specialist Ltd.
ENT Head and Neck Surgery Centre
For ENT Services, Audiology & Speech Therapy,
Sleep Disordered Breathing Management,
Hearing Aid Prescription & Medical Cosmetic Services
https://www.hkentspecialist.hk
Proton Therapy: Ushering in a New Era of Precision Cancer Treatment!
In the long journey of cancer treatment, radiation therapy has always been an indispensable tool. However, traditional radiation techniques like X-ray therapy, while effective at damaging tumor cells, allow radiation energy to penetrate beyond the tumor, harming surrounding healthy tissues and leading to complications and side effects. With continuous advancements in medical technology, proton therapy has emerged as a cutting-edge radiation treatment, offering renewed hope to cancer patients through its exceptional precision and safety.
What is Proton Therapy?
Proton therapy is a type of particle beam therapy. By utilizing the unique physical properties of protons, it precisely calculates the depth and intensity of the proton beam to concentrate radiation energy within the tumor. The proton beam releases its maximum energy at the end of its range, forming a phenomenon known as the “Bragg Peak.” This ensures that radiation energy is delivered to destroy cancer cells and then dissipates immediately, sparing healthy tissues from damage. This approach maximizes protection of normal tissues and reduces the risk of complications and side effects associated with conventional radiation therapy.
Advantages and Limitations of Proton Therapy
The advantages of proton therapy lie not only in its high precision but also in its ability to preserve patients’ quality of life. Compared to traditional radiation therapy, proton therapy carries lower risks of both short- and long-term side effects, allowing patients to maintain their daily routines during and after treatment. Additionally, proton therapy causes less harm to developing tissues, making it particularly suitable for pediatric cancer patients and effectively lowering their risk of secondary cancers later in life. For tumors sensitive to traditional radiation, such as brain tumors and breast cancer, proton therapy has demonstrated enhanced safety and efficacy.
Which Cancers Are Suitable for Proton Therapy?
Proton therapy has broad applicability, covering various cancer types including brain cancer, head and neck cancers, lung cancer, liver cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, and more. It offers a safer and more precise radiation treatment option for both adult and pediatric patients. However, proton therapy is not suitable for all cancer cases (e.g., metastasized cancers). Physicians evaluate individual patient conditions to determine its appropriateness and effectiveness. Furthermore, proton therapy can be combined with other treatments—such as surgery, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy—to form integrated treatment plans, further improving outcomes.
Key Value and Future Directions of Proton Therapy
The proton therapy procedure is non-invasive and painless. During treatment, a specialized medical team uses positioning tools and supports to ensure patient stability, guaranteeing precision. Most treatment courses last several weeks, with sessions conducted five times per week, allowing patients to continue their daily lives. Despite its high safety and precision, proton therapy remains relatively costly, and accessibility is still limited globally. However, with ongoing technological advancements and broader adoption, proton therapy is expected to become more accessible and effective in the future.
In our next article, we will specifically explore the benefits of proton therapy for pediatric head and neck cancer patients.
For any ear, nose, or throat concerns, please contact ENT Head and Neck Surgery Centre immediately. Our ENT specialists will provide detailed consultation and treatment (Tel: 3100 0555).
Source:
HK ENT Specialist Ltd.
ENT Head and Neck Surgery Centre
For ENT Services, Audiology & Speech Therapy,
Sleep Disordered Breathing Management,
Hearing Aid Prescription & Medical Cosmetic Services
https://www.hkentspecialist.hk
註: 本站無論中文繁體，中文簡體和英文內容所提及的疾病和治療方法僅供讀者參考，並不代表本站推薦該種療法，亦不能代替專業醫生診治，讀者如有需要，應該尋求專業醫生意見或聯絡香港耳鼻喉專科。
另所有文章內使用的人名均為化名。
另所有文章內使用的人名均為化名。