Lawrence Chow / ENT Doctor
Oral Cancer Diagnosis: A Comprehensive Guide to Key Examination Methods
Facing oral cancer, early diagnosis is the key to overcoming the disease. This article will detail a range of advanced examination methods, including nasal endoscopy, biopsy, fine needle aspiration cytology, microcytoscopy, X-ray, CT scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), bone scan, and ultrasound or positron emission tomography (PET scan). These methods not only help doctors accurately assess the condition but also provide patients with the most suitable treatment plans. We will explain the principles, procedures, and applicable scenarios of these examinations one by one, helping you feel less confused when facing oral cancer.
Common diagnostic methods for oral cancer are briefly described as follows:
Nasal Endoscopy
The doctor will use a nasal endoscope to examine the patient’s oral cavity. The endoscope is equipped with a mirror and light, which reflects strong light into the patient’s mouth, allowing the doctor to clearly see any ulcers or masses in the patient’s oral cavity and throat.
Biopsy
The doctor will take a small amount of soft tissue from the suspected cancerous area and send it for laboratory testing. By examining these cell slices under a microscope, the presence of cancer cells can be determined.
Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology
The doctor uses a thin needle and syringe to extract cell samples from the mass in the patient’s oral cavity for testing. Fine needle aspiration cytology is a relatively simple and quick examination method, and the patient can leave immediately after the procedure.
Microcytoscopy
If a patient has precancerous cells and frequently undergoes biopsies, the doctor may recommend microcytoscopy as an alternative. The doctor applies a small amount of blue dye to the abnormal cells and then observes them under a microscope. This examination is painless, with only slight discomfort.
X-ray
X-rays of the face, neck, oral cavity, jaw, and lungs are taken to determine if the cancer cells have spread.
CT Scan and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI or NMR)
CT scans or MRI can reveal details that X-rays or other examinations cannot. Both methods are quick and painless. However, patients with cardiac monitors, pacemakers, or any surgical clips cannot undergo MRI because the strong magnetic field can interfere with these devices.
Bone Scan
A bone scan can check if cancer cells have spread to the cheekbones near the oral cavity.
Ultrasound or Positron Emission Tomography (PET Scan)
Ultrasound or positron emission tomography (PET scan).
Before each examination, the ENT specialist will explain the reasons for the test, the procedure, and any potential risks to the patient. To accurately assess the patient’s condition and determine the appropriate treatment, the patient may need to undergo one or a combination of the above examinations.
For any ENT issues, please immediately contact ENT Head and Neck Surgery Centre for detailed evaluation by our ENT specialists (Tel: 3100 0555).
Source:
HK ENT Specialist Ltd.
ENT Head and Neck Surgery Centre
For ENT Services, Audiology & Speech Therapy,
Sleep Disordered Breathing Management,
Hearing Aid Prescription & Medical Cosmetic Services
https://www.hkentspecialist.hk
Understanding Oral Cancer: Causes, Symptoms, and High-Risk Groups
What is Oral Cancer?
The oral cavity includes the lips, gums, tongue, floor of the mouth, hard and soft palate, uvula, tonsils, inner cheeks, pharynx, hypopharynx, salivary glands, and parotid glands. Cancerous cells can develop in any of these areas, forming oral cancer.
What Are the Causes and Symptoms of Oral Cancer?
Who is More Susceptible to Oral and Throat Cancer? How to Determine if Swollen Neck Lymph Nodes Signal Cancer?
What Causes Oral and Throat Cancer?
Like many cancers, the exact causes of oral and throat cancer are unclear. However, individuals who smoke or consume alcohol excessively have a higher risk. Pipe or cigar smokers also face increased risks of tongue and cheek cancers. In regions where betel nut chewing is common or diets lack fresh fruits and vegetables, the incidence of oral and throat cancers is similarly elevated.
Who is More Likely to Develop Oral and Throat Cancer?
- Smokers and heavy alcohol consumers
- Elderly males
- Individuals with diets low in fresh fruits and vegetables
- Note:Oral and throat cancers are not hereditary.
What Are the Symptoms of Oral and Throat Cancer?
- Ulcers or lumps in the mouth, throat, head, or neck
- Pain while eating or speaking
- Noisy breathing, slurred speech, or hoarseness
- Numbness in the mouth or lips
- Sudden loosening of teeth
- Persistent nasal congestion or nosebleeds
- Sore throat
- Ear pain
- Swelling or lumps in the mouth or neck
- Pain in the face or upper jaw
These are the most common symptoms of oral and throat cancer. Symptoms vary depending on the tumor’s location. For example, tongue cancer may cause slurred speech, while hypopharyngeal cancer can lead to hoarseness. Smokers and heavy drinkers may develop painless white or red patches in the mouth or on the tongue, which may bleed—a potential early sign of oral cancer.
Are Swollen Neck Lymph Nodes a Precursor to Oral Cancer?
It is not definitive. A thorough oral, throat, and neck examination is required for confirmation. While swollen neck lymph nodes are a common symptom of oral and throat cancers, they can also result from viral infections. The lymphatic system acts as the body’s defense against infections. Lymph nodes, distributed in the neck, armpits, and groin, produce white blood cells to combat pathogens. Swollen lymph nodes due to infections typically resolve with antibiotics. However, if a painless lump persists for 3–4 weeks, it may indicate cancer, as oral tumors often spread to neck lymph nodes.
How to Determine if Swollen Neck Lymph Nodes Signal Cancer?
Virus-related lymph node swelling usually subsides with antibiotics. If a painless lump persists for 3–4 weeks, seek immediate medical attention. The mouth and neck are interconnected, so oral tumors frequently metastasize to neck lymph nodes.
For any ear, nose, or throat concerns, contact ENT Head and Neck Surgery Centre for detailed evaluation by our ENT specialists (Tel: 3100 0555).
Source:
HK ENT Specialist Ltd.
ENT Head and Neck Surgery Centre
For ENT Services, Audiology & Speech Therapy,
Sleep Disordered Breathing Management,
Hearing Aid Prescription & Medical Cosmetic Services
https://www.hkentspecialist.hk
Sinus Cancer: What Warning Signs to Be Aware Of ?
Case Studies
“Mr. Zhong, 45 years old: Suffered from long-term nasal congestion and recurrent unilateral nosebleeds, initially misdiagnosed as sinusitis. Later, he developed facial numbness and blurred vision. Nasal endoscopy and biopsy confirmed sinus cancer. He underwent tumor resection followed by radiation therapy and remains under ongoing monitoring.”
“Mr. Li, 35 years old: Experienced nasal congestion and runny nose for six months, dismissed as rhinitis. Subsequent facial numbness and vision decline led to medical evaluation, which revealed a sinus tumor. Biopsy confirmed sinus cancer.”
What is Sinus Cancer?
Sinus cancer develops in the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses (e.g., frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, or maxillary sinuses). Maxillary sinus cancer is the most common type, including squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Due to the sinuses’ concealed location and early symptoms resembling rhinitis, diagnosis is often delayed. By the time of detection, tumors may have invaded surrounding structures (e.g., orbits or skull base).
Common Symptoms and Complications
Early symptoms are subtle and may include unilateral nasal congestion or runny nose. As the disease progresses, symptoms may involve:
- Nasal symptoms: Persistent congestion, purulent discharge, blood-tinged mucus, nosebleeds, reduced sense of smell.
- Facial symptoms: Swelling, pain (e.g., cheek protrusion in maxillary sinus cancer).
- Ocular symptoms: Vision decline, bulging eyes, double vision due to tumor pressure on optic nerves or orbital invasion.
- Intracranial symptoms: Headaches, dizziness, or seizures if the skull base is compromised.
- Complications: Untreated sinus cancer can lead to facial deformity, vision loss, cervical lymph node metastasis, intracranial infections, meningitis, or life-threatening conditions.
Risk Factors
- Chronic inflammation: Long-term sinusitis or nasal polyps may trigger mucosal hyperplasia.
- Smoking: Harmful chemicals in smoke irritate sinus linings.
- Occupational exposure: Dust from industries like leather or woodworking.
- Viral infections: EB virus links to sinus cancer.
- Other factors: Immunodeficiency or family cancer history.
Diagnosis
- Initial exam: Nasal endoscopy to detect abnormalities.
- Imaging: CT or MRI to map tumor extent.
- Biopsy: Confirm cancer type via tissue sampling.
- Staging: PET scan to check for metastasis.
Treatment Options
- Surgery: Primary treatment for tumor removal and sinus function restoration (e.g., endoscopic or open surgery).
- Radiation therapy: Controls tumor growth post-surgery or for inoperable cases.
- Chemotherapy: For advanced or recurrent cases, often combined with radiation.
- Targeted therapy and immunotherapy: For late-stage patients (e.g., anti-EGFR drugs).
- Rehabilitation: Post-surgical facial reconstruction and recovery support.
Early detection is critical for effective treatment. Please immediately contact ENT Head and Neck Surgery Centre for detailed evaluation by our ENT specialists (Tel: 3100 0555).
Source:
HK ENT Specialist Ltd.
ENT Head and Neck Surgery Centre
For ENT Services, Audiology & Speech Therapy,
Sleep Disordered Breathing Management,
Hearing Aid Prescription & Medical Cosmetic Services
https://www.hkentspecialist.hk
Lip Cancer: Learn All About This “Silent Lip Killer”!
Case Study:
“Mr. Li, a 60-year-old long-term smoker, noticed a ‘recurrent small ulcer with scabbing’ on his lower lip over the past six months. Self-applied ointments were ineffective. The ulcer gradually enlarged, developing a cauliflower-like surface with mild pain and numbness. After examination, he was diagnosed with ‘lower lip squamous cell carcinoma.’ The treatment team formulated a plan involving surgical resection, radiotherapy, and lip reconstruction, successfully restoring his appearance and function.”
What is Lip Cancer?
Lip cancer (carcinoma of the lip) is a malignant tumor arising from the mucosa of the vermilion border. Over 90% are squamous cell carcinomas, while adenocarcinomas are rare. According to international cancer classification standards, lip cancer is distinct from oral cancer but is still categorized under head and neck tumors. It commonly occurs at the junction of the middle and outer third of the lower lip. The male-to-female incidence ratio is approximately 7:1, with peak prevalence between ages 50–70.
What Are the Symptoms of Lip Cancer?
Lip cancer progresses relatively slowly with late metastasis. However, delayed treatment can severely impact appearance and function. Common symptoms include:
- Early Stage:Small hard nodules, herpetic-like scabs, localized mucosal thickening, or leukoplakia, often mistaken for common ulcers or angular cheilitis.
- Progressive Stage:Ulcers expand into crater-like or cauliflower-shaped masses with bleeding, foul odor, and tingling, pain, or numbness around the lips or oral skin. Invasion of muscles or bones may cause difficulty opening the mouth or loose teeth.
- Late Stage:Metastasis to cervical lymph nodes or distant organs (lungs, liver, bones), posing life-threatening risks.
What Causes Lip Cancer?
The exact etiology remains unclear, but risk factors include:
- Chronic Irritation:Smoking, alcohol abuse, betel nut chewing, or foreign object biting causing repeated mucosal damage.
- UV Exposure:Outdoor workers with insufficient lip pigmentation face higher cancer risk due to prolonged sun exposure.
- Chemical Exposure:Long-term contact with substances like asphalt.
- Precancerous Lesions:Untreated leukoplakia, verrucous hyperplasia, or chronic ulcers.
- HPV Infection:Some cases correlate with human papillomavirus (HPV).
How is Lip Cancer Diagnosed?
- Physical examination of the lips and cervical lymph nodes, along with lifestyle inquiries (smoking, sun exposure).
- Biopsy of the lesion for pathological analysis to confirm cancer type and differentiation.
- CT/MRI to assess tumor depth and lymph node involvement.
- PET-CT to detect distant metastasis.
- TNM Staging:Based on tumor size (T), lymph node metastasis (N), and distant metastasis (M) to guide treatment planning.
What Are the Treatment Options for Lip Cancer?
- Surgery:Early cases undergo wide local excision (≥1 cm margins) with direct closure or local flaps. Advanced cases require neck lymph node dissection and possible partial jawbone resection, followed by reconstructive surgery using adjacent tissue or free flaps.
- Radiotherapy:External beam radiation for postoperative adjuvant therapy or inoperable patients, often using proton therapy for precision. Brachytherapy places radioactive sources directly on the lip to minimize tissue damage.
- Chemotherapy:For advanced or metastatic cases.
- Targeted & Immunotherapy:Agents targeting specific mutations (e.g., EGFR) or PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors to improve survival in advanced stages.
Early detection is critical for effective treatment. If a lip ulcer persists for over 2 weeks, immediately contact ENT Head and Neck Surgery Centre for detailed evaluation by our ENT specialists (Tel: 3100 0555).
Source:
HK ENT Specialist Ltd.
ENT Head and Neck Surgery Centre
For ENT Services, Audiology & Speech Therapy,
Sleep Disordered Breathing Management,
Hearing Aid Prescription & Medical Cosmetic Services
ocal Cord Cancer: When the Voice Becomes Hoarse, Be Alert to This Early Sign
Case Study
“Mr. Jia, 56 years old, experienced breathing difficulties and hoarseness for two years, with symptoms worsening recently. Upon seeking medical help, a laryngoscopy revealed a cauliflower-like growth on his left vocal cord. A PET-CT scan showed abnormally high metabolic activity, leading to a diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the vocal cord. This case highlights the importance of timely medical evaluation for persistent hoarseness to rule out malignancy.”
What is Vocal Cord Cancer?
Vocal cord cancer is a malignant tumor affecting the vocal cords—key structures for sound production. It accounts for over 60% of laryngeal cancers. The majority (96%–98%) are squamous cell carcinomas. Early-stage tumors are often localized but highly invasive, potentially destroying laryngeal cartilage or spreading to neck lymph nodes.
Common Symptoms and Risks
- Hoarseness:The most typical early symptom. Seek evaluation if it persists beyond two weeks.
- Throat discomfort:Sensation of a foreign object, pain, coughing, or difficulty swallowing. Late stages may involve blood in sputum or coughing up blood.
- Breathing difficulties:Tumor obstruction of the airway can become life-threatening.
- Spread risk:Early tumors are localized, but advanced stages may invade surrounding tissues, damage laryngeal function, spread to neck lymph nodes, or metastasize to distant organs (e.g., lungs, liver), complicating treatment.
Causes of Vocal Cord Cancer
- Smoking and alcohol:Smokers face a 10-fold higher risk. Combined with alcohol, the risk escalates.
- HPV infection:Some cases are linked to human papillomavirus (HPV).
- Environmental factors:Long-term exposure to industrial dust, air pollution, or occupational carcinogens.
- Demographics:Most common in males aged 50–70.
Diagnostic Methods
- Laryngoscopy:Fiber-optic laryngoscopy detects mucosal abnormalities. Narrow Band Imaging (NBI) enhances early detection.
- CT/MRI:Assesses tumor extent and cartilage involvement.
- PET-CT:Detects distant metastasis and aids staging.
- Biopsy:Confirms cancer type via tissue analysis.
Treatment Options
Surgery
- Laser minimally invasive surgery:For early-stage tumors. Preserves function but may affect voice.
- Partial laryngectomy:Preserves partial laryngeal function for localized tumors.
- Total laryngectomy:Required for advanced/recurrent cases. Requires a tracheostomy.
Radiation Therapy
- Advantages:Preserves vocal function; suitable for elderly or comorbid patients.
- Drawbacks:May cause throat pain, swallowing difficulties.
Combined Therapies
- Radiation + Chemotherapy:Shrinks tumors pre-surgery in advanced cases.
- Targeted + Immunotherapy:Emerging treatments targeting genetic mutations or boosting immune response.
Early detection and treatment are critical. If you experience prolonged hoarseness, seek immediate medical attention. High-risk individuals should undergo regular screenings. For ENT concerns, contact ENT Head and Neck Surgery Centre or call 3100 0555 for expert consultation.
Source:
HK ENT Specialist Ltd.
ENT Head and Neck Surgery Centre
For ENT Services, Audiology & Speech Therapy,
Sleep Disordered Breathing Management,
Hearing Aid Prescription & Medical Cosmetic Services
https://www.hkentspecialist.hk
Hypopharyngeal Cancer: The Silent Throat Killer – Do Not Ignore the Warning Signs of Swallowing
Case Study
“Mr. Kang, a 58-year-old with a long-term smoking and alcohol consumption history, recently experienced persistent sore throat, dysphagia, and hoarseness. After examination via endoscopy, he was diagnosed with Stage III Hypopharyngeal Cancer (mid-to-late stage). Mr. Kang underwent tumor resection surgery followed by radiotherapy and is currently under observation, requiring regular check-ups to monitor recurrence.”
What is Hypopharyngeal Cancer?
Hypopharyngeal cancer originates in the hypopharynx (the area connecting the throat to the esophagus) and is a type of head and neck cancer. Due to its隐蔽位置 (hidden location), early detection is challenging. Approximately 70% of patients, like Mr. Kang, are diagnosed only after the cancer has metastasized to cervical lymph nodes or distant organs (e.g., lungs, bones, liver). Consequently, treatment outcomes are often poor.
Common Symptoms and Complications
Early symptoms are subtle, but the following signs warrant vigilance:
- Typical symptoms: Sore throat, dysphagia, hoarseness, neck mass, ear pain (referred pain).
- Long-term complications: Tumors may obstruct the airway or esophagus, leading to malnutrition or breathing difficulties. Metastasis to lymph nodes or distant organs significantly complicates treatment.
Causes and Risk Factors
- Primary risk factors: Smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, betel nut chewing (a major trigger in regions where betel nut use is prevalent).
- Other factors: Chronic irritation from gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), diets lacking fresh fruits/vegetables, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.
- Genetics and environment: Family history or prolonged exposure to asbestos/chemical dust increases risk.
Diagnosis and Tests
- Endoscopy: Flexible fiber-optic laryngoscopy to visualize lesions.
- Imaging: CT/MRI scans to assess tumor extent and metastasis.
- Biopsy: Tissue sampling to confirm cancer type.
- Systemic evaluation: PET-CT scans to detect distant metastasis.
Treatment Options
- Early-stage (I/II): Radiotherapy ± localized surgery.
- Advanced-stage (III/IV): Multidisciplinary approach (e.g., tumor resection with lymph node dissection, followed by adjuvant chemo/radiotherapy).
- Targeted & immunotherapy: Anti-EGFR agents (e.g., Cetuximab) or immune checkpoint inhibitors (e.g., Pembrolizumab) for late-stage cases.
- Supportive care: Nasogastric tube placement, speech therapy to improve quality of life during recovery.
Conclusion
Quitting smoking/alcohol and early detection are crucial in combating hypopharyngeal cancer. Individuals with smoking/drinking habits experiencing persistent throat discomfort should seek prompt medical evaluation. For ENT concerns, contact ENT Head and Neck Surgery Centre or call 3100 0555 for specialized care.
Source:
HK ENT Specialist Ltd.
ENT Head and Neck Surgery Centre
For ENT Services, Audiology & Speech Therapy,
Sleep Disordered Breathing Management,
Hearing Aid Prescription & Medical Cosmetic Services
https://www.hkentspecialist.hk
The Unique Advantages and Benefits of Proton Therapy in the Treatment of Pediatric Head and Neck Cancers
In the previous article “Proton Therapy: Ushering in a New Era of Precision Cancer Treatment!”, we introduced the principles, advantages, applications, and future directions of proton therapy in cancer treatment. This article will focus specifically on the benefits of proton therapy for pediatric head and neck cancer patients.
Case Study:
“Xiao Yong, an 8-year-old boy, was diagnosed with rhabdomyosarcoma of the head and neck region, a rare and aggressive pediatric malignant soft tissue tumor with a high recurrence rate. Due to the tumor’s proximity to critical blood vessels and nerves in the neck, surgical resection was challenging and posed significant risks to the child’s growth and development. Therefore, doctors recommended a comprehensive treatment plan combining surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Given the tumor’s location and the need to protect healthy tissues, proton therapy was chosen as the primary radiation modality. Xiao Yong underwent a 6-week proton therapy course. During treatment, he experienced no significant pain or discomfort. Post-treatment imaging showed significant tumor shrinkage with no new lesions detected. His neck function and appearance remained unaffected, and his quality of life was well-maintained.”
Xiao Yong’s case highlights the unique advantages of proton therapy in pediatric head and neck cancer treatment. Its precision and low side-effect profile enable effective tumor control while maximally protecting healthy tissues and organs, reducing long-term impacts on growth and development. Additionally, proton therapy allowed Xiao Yong to maintain a better quality of life during and after treatment. This case underscores the critical value of proton therapy in pediatric oncology, particularly for tumors in complex anatomical locations.
What Are the Specific Benefits of Proton Therapy for Pediatric Cancers?
Proton therapy offers several key benefits for pediatric cancer patients:
Minimized Damage to Developing Tissues
Children’s developing tissues and organs are more sensitive to radiation. Conventional radiation therapy may cause long-term developmental issues, but proton therapy leverages the Bragg Peak effect to concentrate radiation energy on the tumor, significantly reducing radiation exposure to surrounding healthy tissues.
Reduced Risk of Secondary Cancers
Children undergoing conventional radiation face a higher risk of secondary cancers due to radiation-induced genetic mutations in healthy cells. Proton therapy lowers this risk, enhancing long-term health outcomes.
Protection of Critical Organs
For brain tumors, conventional radiation can damage organs like the brain, eyes, and cochlea, impairing cognition, vision, or hearing. Proton therapy reduces such complications.
Preserved Quality of Life
Proton therapy’s milder side effects allow children to maintain normal daily activities and schooling during treatment, alleviating physical and psychological burdens.
Applicability to Diverse Pediatric Cancers
Proton therapy is effective for various pediatric cancers, including head and neck tumors, brain tumors, spinal tumors, retinoblastoma, and neuroblastoma.
Reduced Impact on Reproductive Systems
For prepubescent children, conventional radiation may harm reproductive organs. Proton therapy minimizes radiation dose to these systems, lowering future fertility risks.
Long-Term Follow-Up Feasibility
Proton therapy’s low toxicity enables safer long-term monitoring, allowing physicians to track health outcomes without concerns about treatment-related complications.
Synergy in Multimodal Treatment
Proton therapy integrates seamlessly with surgery, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. For pediatric patients, such comprehensive approaches enhance efficacy while reducing overall treatment burden.
Conclusion
Proton therapy demonstrates remarkable advantages in pediatric cancer care, offering enhanced protection of healthy tissues, reduced long-term complications, and improved quality of life. These benefits ensure better long-term health outcomes for children. To learn more, please contact ENT Head and Neck Surgery Centre (Tel: 3100 0555).
Source:
HK ENT Specialist Ltd.
ENT Head and Neck Surgery Centre
For ENT Services, Audiology & Speech Therapy,
Sleep Disordered Breathing Management,
Hearing Aid Prescription & Medical Cosmetic Services
https://www.hkentspecialist.hk
Proton Therapy: Ushering in a New Era of Precision Cancer Treatment!
In the long journey of cancer treatment, radiation therapy has always been an indispensable tool. However, traditional radiation techniques like X-ray therapy, while effective at damaging tumor cells, allow radiation energy to penetrate beyond the tumor, harming surrounding healthy tissues and leading to complications and side effects. With continuous advancements in medical technology, proton therapy has emerged as a cutting-edge radiation treatment, offering renewed hope to cancer patients through its exceptional precision and safety.
What is Proton Therapy?
Proton therapy is a type of particle beam therapy. By utilizing the unique physical properties of protons, it precisely calculates the depth and intensity of the proton beam to concentrate radiation energy within the tumor. The proton beam releases its maximum energy at the end of its range, forming a phenomenon known as the “Bragg Peak.” This ensures that radiation energy is delivered to destroy cancer cells and then dissipates immediately, sparing healthy tissues from damage. This approach maximizes protection of normal tissues and reduces the risk of complications and side effects associated with conventional radiation therapy.
Advantages and Limitations of Proton Therapy
The advantages of proton therapy lie not only in its high precision but also in its ability to preserve patients’ quality of life. Compared to traditional radiation therapy, proton therapy carries lower risks of both short- and long-term side effects, allowing patients to maintain their daily routines during and after treatment. Additionally, proton therapy causes less harm to developing tissues, making it particularly suitable for pediatric cancer patients and effectively lowering their risk of secondary cancers later in life. For tumors sensitive to traditional radiation, such as brain tumors and breast cancer, proton therapy has demonstrated enhanced safety and efficacy.
Which Cancers Are Suitable for Proton Therapy?
Proton therapy has broad applicability, covering various cancer types including brain cancer, head and neck cancers, lung cancer, liver cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, and more. It offers a safer and more precise radiation treatment option for both adult and pediatric patients. However, proton therapy is not suitable for all cancer cases (e.g., metastasized cancers). Physicians evaluate individual patient conditions to determine its appropriateness and effectiveness. Furthermore, proton therapy can be combined with other treatments—such as surgery, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy—to form integrated treatment plans, further improving outcomes.
Key Value and Future Directions of Proton Therapy
The proton therapy procedure is non-invasive and painless. During treatment, a specialized medical team uses positioning tools and supports to ensure patient stability, guaranteeing precision. Most treatment courses last several weeks, with sessions conducted five times per week, allowing patients to continue their daily lives. Despite its high safety and precision, proton therapy remains relatively costly, and accessibility is still limited globally. However, with ongoing technological advancements and broader adoption, proton therapy is expected to become more accessible and effective in the future.
In our next article, we will specifically explore the benefits of proton therapy for pediatric head and neck cancer patients.
For any ear, nose, or throat concerns, please contact ENT Head and Neck Surgery Centre immediately. Our ENT specialists will provide detailed consultation and treatment (Tel: 3100 0555).
Source:
HK ENT Specialist Ltd.
ENT Head and Neck Surgery Centre
For ENT Services, Audiology & Speech Therapy,
Sleep Disordered Breathing Management,
Hearing Aid Prescription & Medical Cosmetic Services
https://www.hkentspecialist.hk
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另所有文章內使用的人名均為化名。